pregnancy or nursing primary hyperparathyroidism or hypercalcemia other etiologies (including 24-hydroxylase mutation) a history of granulomatous diseases severe gastrointestinal diseases (clinically apparent malabsorption syndrome) liver disease kidney disease individual intolerance drug vitamin d supplementation in a dose of more than 800 iu per drugs known to affect vitamin d metabolism (e.g., anticonvulsants, glucocorticoids, diuretics) alcohol and drug addiction. history of cancer (less than 5 years)

pregnancy or nursing primary hyperparathyroidism or hypercalcemia other etiologies (including 24-hydroxylase mutation) a history of granulomatous diseases severe gastrointestinal diseases (clinically apparent malabsorption syndrome) liver disease kidney disease individual intolerance drug vitamin d supplementation in a dose of more than 800 iu per drugs known to affect vitamin d metabolism (e.g., anticonvulsants, glucocorticoids, diuretics) alcohol and drug addiction. history of cancer (less than 5 years)