- contraindication to blood transfusions (fluid overload, history of anaphylaxis of blood products) - multiple and severe organ failure, hemodynamically unstable - other uncontrolled infections - disseminated intravascular coagulation (dic) which requires a replacement factor/ffp - hemodialysis patients or crrt (continuous renal replacement therapy) - active intracranial bleeding - significant myocardial ischemia - receiving tocilizumab treatment

- contraindication to blood transfusions (fluid overload, history of anaphylaxis of blood products) - multiple and severe organ failure, hemodynamically unstable - other uncontrolled infections - disseminated intravascular coagulation (dic) which requires a replacement factor/ffp - hemodialysis patients or crrt (continuous renal replacement therapy) - active intracranial bleeding - significant myocardial ischemia - receiving tocilizumab treatment