inclusion criteria adults (≥18 years) those living within larger cities of pakistan (for laboratory access) those self-isolating at home within 5 days of the start of the illness with: clinical symptoms suggestive of covid-19 (i.e. those who have at least one of the following symptoms: respiratory symptoms, such as cough and shortness of breath; fever; muscle pain; headache; sore throat; new loss of taste or smell; severe fatigue; nausea or vomiting; diarrhoea and congestion or runny nose or those with virologically confirmed sars-cov-2 infection and clinical symptoms indicative of covid-19 (as detailed in (a) above). provision of informed consent exclusion criteria onset of illness (symptoms) more than 5 days inability to consent age less than 18 years. pregnancy immunosuppressed patients inability to perform hsnig those taking part in another interventional medical trial those with suspected/confirmed covid-19 in whom hospital admission is recommended those who do not have access to email / internet those living in a household with another person currently participating in this study those who have not provided consent to take part

inclusion criteria adults (≥18 years) those living within larger cities of pakistan (for laboratory access) those self-isolating at home within 5 days of the start of the illness with: clinical symptoms suggestive of covid-19 (i.e. those who have at least one of the following symptoms: respiratory symptoms, such as cough and shortness of breath; fever; muscle pain; headache; sore throat; new loss of taste or smell; severe fatigue; nausea or vomiting; diarrhoea and congestion or runny nose or those with virologically confirmed sars-cov-2 infection and clinical symptoms indicative of covid-19 (as detailed in (a) above). provision of informed consent exclusion criteria onset of illness (symptoms) more than 5 days inability to consent age less than 18 years. pregnancy immunosuppressed patients inability to perform hsnig those taking part in another interventional medical trial those with suspected/confirmed covid-19 in whom hospital admission is recommended those who do not have access to email / internet those living in a household with another person currently participating in this study those who have not provided consent to take part

inclusion criteria - adults (≥18 years) - those living within larger cities of pakistan (for laboratory access) - those self-isolating at home within 5 days of the start of the illness with: 1. clinical symptoms suggestive of covid-19 (i.e. those who have at least one of the following symptoms: respiratory symptoms, such as cough and shortness of breath; fever; muscle pain; headache; sore throat; new loss of taste or smell; severe fatigue; nausea or vomiting; diarrhoea and congestion or runny nose or 2. those with virologically confirmed sars-cov-2 infection and clinical symptoms indicative of covid-19 (as detailed in (a) above). - provision of informed consent exclusion criteria - onset of illness (symptoms) more than 5 days - inability to consent - age less than 18 years. - pregnancy - immunosuppressed patients inability to perform hsnig - those taking part in another interventional medical trial - those with suspected/confirmed covid-19 in whom hospital admission is recommended - those who do not have access to email / internet - those living in a household with another person currently participating in this study - those who have not provided consent to take part

inclusion criteria - adults (≥18 years) - those living within larger cities of pakistan (for laboratory access) - those self-isolating at home within 5 days of the start of the illness with: 1. clinical symptoms suggestive of covid-19 (i.e. those who have at least one of the following symptoms: respiratory symptoms, such as cough and shortness of breath; fever; muscle pain; headache; sore throat; new loss of taste or smell; severe fatigue; nausea or vomiting; diarrhoea and congestion or runny nose or 2. those with virologically confirmed sars-cov-2 infection and clinical symptoms indicative of covid-19 (as detailed in (a) above). - provision of informed consent exclusion criteria - onset of illness (symptoms) more than 5 days - inability to consent - age less than 18 years. - pregnancy - immunosuppressed patients inability to perform hsnig - those taking part in another interventional medical trial - those with suspected/confirmed covid-19 in whom hospital admission is recommended - those who do not have access to email / internet - those living in a household with another person currently participating in this study - those who have not provided consent to take part