inclusion criteria: 1. patients ≥18 years of age providing (possibly through a substitute decision maker) informed consent who require hospitalization anticipated to last ≥72 hours, for microbiologically-confirmed covid-19, enrolled < 72 hours of hospital admission or of covid-19 confirmation • if the patient is already hospitalized and the covid-19 diagnosis is due to an outbreak or an incidental finding, then enrollment can occur within 72 hours of a clinical syndrome attributable to covid-19 that requires continued hospitalization (e.g. new or worsening oxygen requirements or acute kidney injury) which is further anticipated to extend the hospital admission by an additional 72 hours from randomization.

inclusion criteria: 1. patients ≥18 years of age providing (possibly through a substitute decision maker) informed consent who require hospitalization anticipated to last ≥72 hours, for microbiologically-confirmed covid-19, enrolled < 72 hours of hospital admission or of covid-19 confirmation • if the patient is already hospitalized and the covid-19 diagnosis is due to an outbreak or an incidental finding, then enrollment can occur within 72 hours of a clinical syndrome attributable to covid-19 that requires continued hospitalization (e.g. new or worsening oxygen requirements or acute kidney injury) which is further anticipated to extend the hospital admission by an additional 72 hours from randomization.

inclusion criteria: 1. patients ≥18 years of age providing (possibly through a substitute decision maker) informed consent who require hospitalization anticipated to last ≥72 hours, for microbiologically-confirmed covid-19, enrolled < 72 hours of hospital admission or of covid-19 confirmation

inclusion criteria: 1. patients ≥18 years of age providing (possibly through a substitute decision maker) informed consent who require hospitalization anticipated to last ≥72 hours, for microbiologically-confirmed covid-19, enrolled < 72 hours of hospital admission or of covid-19 confirmation

inclusion criteria: 1. patients ≥18 years of age providing (possibly through a substitute decision maker) informed consent who require hospitalization anticipated to last ≥72 hours, with microbiologically-confirmed covid-19, enrolled < 72 hours of hospital admission or of covid-19 confirmation

inclusion criteria: 1. patients ≥18 years of age providing (possibly through a substitute decision maker) informed consent who require hospitalization anticipated to last ≥72 hours, with microbiologically-confirmed covid-19, enrolled < 72 hours of hospital admission or of covid-19 confirmation