- cardiovascular disease - resting dyspnea - acute pulmonary embolism or pulmonary infarction - deep venous thromboembolism - uncontrolled visual or vestibular disorders - pregnancy - uncontrolled resting tachycardia - uncontrolled hypertension - uncontrolled type ii diabetes - acute infections - neurological disorders - patients with chronic kidney disease who are in need of hemodialysis - recent malignant neoplasm (<5 years) - autoimmune diseases - complex ventricular arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation or complete heart block - transplant patients - any physical disabilities that could hamper physical testing and exercise program

- cardiovascular disease - resting dyspnea - acute pulmonary embolism or pulmonary infarction - deep venous thromboembolism - uncontrolled visual or vestibular disorders - pregnancy - uncontrolled resting tachycardia - uncontrolled hypertension - uncontrolled type ii diabetes - acute infections - neurological disorders - patients with chronic kidney disease who are in need of hemodialysis - recent malignant neoplasm (<5 years) - autoimmune diseases - complex ventricular arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation or complete heart block - transplant patients - any physical disabilities that could hamper physical testing and exercise program

- cardiovascular disease - resting dyspnea - acute pulmonary embolism or pulmonary infarction - deep venous thromboembolism - uncontrolled visual or vestibular disorders - pregnancy - uncontrolled resting tachycardia - uncontrolled hypertension - type ii diabetes - acute infections - neurological disorders - any physical disabilities that could hamper physical testing and exercise program

- cardiovascular disease - resting dyspnea - acute pulmonary embolism or pulmonary infarction - deep venous thromboembolism - uncontrolled visual or vestibular disorders - pregnancy - uncontrolled resting tachycardia - uncontrolled hypertension - type ii diabetes - acute infections - neurological disorders - any physical disabilities that could hamper physical testing and exercise program