- known history of progressed copd as evidenced by use of daily maintenance treatment with long-acting bronchodilators or inhaled/oral corticosteroids for > 2 months - patient moribund or expected to die in next 24h according to the judgment of the investigator - known severe congestive heart failure (new york heart association [nyha] class iii- iv - received organ or bone marrow transplantation in past 3 months - known cardio-pulmonary mechanical resuscitation in past 14 days

- known history of progressed copd as evidenced by use of daily maintenance treatment with long-acting bronchodilators or inhaled/oral corticosteroids for > 2 months - patient moribund or expected to die in next 24h according to the judgment of the investigator - known severe congestive heart failure (new york heart association [nyha] class iii- iv - received organ or bone marrow transplantation in past 3 months - known cardio-pulmonary mechanical resuscitation in past 14 days