- pregnant or lactating - need for mechanical ventilation, non-invasive ventilation (niv), or high-flow o2 (≥60%) via face mask - calculated gfr < 60 (cockcroft-gault) - meets treatment algorithm criteria for treatment with a non-study immune modulator - pre-study or planned treatment with a non-study immune modulator - participation in a covid-19 clinical trial that includes prescription of a drug with anti-cytokine activity - status post transplantation of an organ, bone marrow, or body part - treatment within the past 60 days with a chemotherapeutic agent - diagnosis of leukemia or lymphoma - who covid-19 classification level of 5 or greater - unable to take oral medication - grade 3 or greater laboratory abnormalities as characterized by ctcae v5

- pregnant or lactating - need for mechanical ventilation, non-invasive ventilation (niv), or high-flow o2 (≥60%) via face mask - calculated gfr < 60 (cockcroft-gault) - meets treatment algorithm criteria for treatment with a non-study immune modulator - pre-study or planned treatment with a non-study immune modulator - participation in a covid-19 clinical trial that includes prescription of a drug with anti-cytokine activity - status post transplantation of an organ, bone marrow, or body part - treatment within the past 60 days with a chemotherapeutic agent - diagnosis of leukemia or lymphoma - who covid-19 classification level of 5 or greater - unable to take oral medication - grade 3 or greater laboratory abnormalities as characterized by ctcae v5

- pregnant or lactating - spo2 less than 90% on room air or less than 95% if on supplemental oxygen - calculated gfr < 60 (cockcroft-gault) - meets hospital covid-19 treatment algorithm criteria for treatment with dexamethasone at a dose of 6 mg/day for a 10-day course. a single bolus of 6 mg of dexamethasone given in the emergency department and continued at a dose of ≤ 3.5 mg/day or less is allowed. - meets treatment algorithm criteria for treatment with toclizumab or other anti-il-6 agent - treatment with an anti-il-6 inhibitor, anti-il-1 inhibitor, anti-tnf monoclonal antibody, or anti-jak inhibitor - participation in a covid-19 clinical trial that includes prescription of a drug with anti-cytokine activity - status post transplantation of an organ, bone marrow, or body part - treatment within the past 60 days with a chemotherapeutic agent - current treatment with systemic corticosteroids at a dose equivalent of 20 mg/day or greater of prednisone or prednisolone, 16 mg/day or greater of methylprednisolone, or 4 mg/day or greater of dexamethasone - diagnosis of leukemia or lymphoma - who covid-19 classification level of 5 or greater (use of high-flow oxygen, non-mechanical ventilation such as cpap, mechanical ventilation) - unable to take oral medication - grade 3 or greater laboratory abnormalities as characterized by ctcae v5

- pregnant or lactating - spo2 less than 90% on room air or less than 95% if on supplemental oxygen - calculated gfr < 60 (cockcroft-gault) - meets hospital covid-19 treatment algorithm criteria for treatment with dexamethasone at a dose of 6 mg/day for a 10-day course. a single bolus of 6 mg of dexamethasone given in the emergency department and continued at a dose of ≤ 3.5 mg/day or less is allowed. - meets treatment algorithm criteria for treatment with toclizumab or other anti-il-6 agent - treatment with an anti-il-6 inhibitor, anti-il-1 inhibitor, anti-tnf monoclonal antibody, or anti-jak inhibitor - participation in a covid-19 clinical trial that includes prescription of a drug with anti-cytokine activity - status post transplantation of an organ, bone marrow, or body part - treatment within the past 60 days with a chemotherapeutic agent - current treatment with systemic corticosteroids at a dose equivalent of 20 mg/day or greater of prednisone or prednisolone, 16 mg/day or greater of methylprednisolone, or 4 mg/day or greater of dexamethasone - diagnosis of leukemia or lymphoma - who covid-19 classification level of 5 or greater (use of high-flow oxygen, non-mechanical ventilation such as cpap, mechanical ventilation) - unable to take oral medication - grade 3 or greater laboratory abnormalities as characterized by ctcae v5

- pregnant or lactating - spo2 less than 90% on room air - calculated gfr < 60 (cockcroft-gault) - meets treatment algorithm criteria for treatment with toclizumab or other anti-il-6 agent - treatment with an anti-il-6 inhibitor, anti-il-1 inhibitor, anti-tnf monoclonal antibody, or anti-jak inhibitor - participation in a covid-19 clinical trial that includes prescription of a drug with anti-cytokine activity - treatment within the past 60 days with a chemotherapeutic agent - current treatment with systemic corticosteroids at a dose equivalent of 20 mg/day or greater of prednisone or prednisolone or 16 mg/day or greater of methylprednisolone - diagnosis of leukemia or lymphoma - who covid-19 classification level of 5 or greater (use of high-flow oxygen, non-mechanical ventilation such as cpap, mechanical ventilation)

- pregnant or lactating - spo2 less than 90% on room air - calculated gfr < 60 (cockcroft-gault) - meets treatment algorithm criteria for treatment with toclizumab or other anti-il-6 agent - treatment with an anti-il-6 inhibitor, anti-il-1 inhibitor, anti-tnf monoclonal antibody, or anti-jak inhibitor - participation in a covid-19 clinical trial that includes prescription of a drug with anti-cytokine activity - treatment within the past 60 days with a chemotherapeutic agent - current treatment with systemic corticosteroids at a dose equivalent of 20 mg/day or greater of prednisone or prednisolone or 16 mg/day or greater of methylprednisolone - diagnosis of leukemia or lymphoma - who covid-19 classification level of 5 or greater (use of high-flow oxygen, non-mechanical ventilation such as cpap, mechanical ventilation)