- moribund, or estimated life expectancy <1 month (e.g., terminal cancer, etc.) - patient does not qualify for intensive care, based on local triage criteria - pregnancy or breast feeding - severe liver dysfunction (e.g. alt/ast > 5 times upper limit of normal) - anticipated discharge from hospital within 48 hours - other potent anti-inflammatory treatment, e.g. tnf- blocking therapies - mechanical ventilation for >48 hours - known active hiv or viral hepatitis infection - known active tuberculosis - known hereditary fructose intolerance

- moribund, or estimated life expectancy <1 month (e.g., terminal cancer, etc.) - patient does not qualify for intensive care, based on local triage criteria - pregnancy or breast feeding - severe liver dysfunction (e.g. alt/ast > 5 times upper limit of normal) - anticipated discharge from hospital within 48 hours - other potent anti-inflammatory treatment, e.g. tnf- blocking therapies - mechanical ventilation for >48 hours - known active hiv or viral hepatitis infection - known active tuberculosis - known hereditary fructose intolerance