- Respiratory failure related to other cause than COVID-19 - Patients requiring mechanical ventilation at inclusion or requiring oxygen therapy equal or more than 11 liters per min to maintain Sp02>92% - Infectious diseases such as severe bacterial infections, aspergillosis, HIV, active HCV, active HBV, active tuberculosis - Contra indication to anti-IL1 receptor Known hypersensitivity to Anakinra Absolute neutrophil count (ANC)< 1500/mm3 Liver cirrhosis score de Child-Pugh class C Live or attenuated vaccine in the past 8 weeks Pregnant or breast-feeding women - Patients with either legally protected status or who have been deprived of their freedom - Patient included in other interventional therapeutic research (e.g. = concurrent participation in French CoVID-19 is accepted) - Patients who have received previous treatment by anti-IL6R, anti-IL-6, anti-IL1R, anti-IL1 or anti-TNFα within 21 days preceding inclusion - Absence of Health Insurance - Existence of any life-threatening co-morbidity or any other medical condition which,in the opinion of the investigator, makes the patient unsuitable for inclusion.

- Respiratory failure related to other cause than COVID-19 - Patients requiring mechanical ventilation at inclusion or requiring oxygen therapy equal or more than 11 liters per min to maintain Sp02>92% - Infectious diseases such as severe bacterial infections, aspergillosis, HIV, active HCV, active HBV, active tuberculosis - Contra indication to anti-IL1 receptor Known hypersensitivity to Anakinra Absolute neutrophil count (ANC)< 1500/mm3 Liver cirrhosis score de Child-Pugh class C Live or attenuated vaccine in the past 8 weeks Pregnant or breast-feeding women - Patients with either legally protected status or who have been deprived of their freedom - Patient included in other interventional therapeutic research (e.g. = concurrent participation in French CoVID-19 is accepted) - Patients who have received previous treatment by anti-IL6R, anti-IL-6, anti-IL1R, anti-IL1 or anti-TNFα within 21 days preceding inclusion - Absence of Health Insurance - Existence of any life-threatening co-morbidity or any other medical condition which,in the opinion of the investigator, makes the patient unsuitable for inclusion.