unable to provide informed consent unable to take oral medication severe/critical covid-19 disease at presentation intensive care or intermediate care required at admission or within 48 hours requiring oxygen supplementation via high flow nasal cannula, bipap, or non-rebreather mask at admission or within 48 hours likelihood of survival <48 hours in the opinion of the primary physician or transitioned to comfort measures within 48 hours of admission inability to take hydroxychloroquine due to allergy, qtc > 500 ms (male) or 520 ms (female) prior to initiation of hydroxychloroquine, pre-existing retinopathy, known g6pd deficiency, known porphyria, or significant drug- drug interactions pregnant or breastfeeding severe liver disease (child-pugh class c)

unable to provide informed consent unable to take oral medication severe/critical covid-19 disease at presentation intensive care or intermediate care required at admission or within 48 hours requiring oxygen supplementation via high flow nasal cannula, bipap, or non-rebreather mask at admission or within 48 hours likelihood of survival <48 hours in the opinion of the primary physician or transitioned to comfort measures within 48 hours of admission inability to take hydroxychloroquine due to allergy, qtc > 500 ms (male) or 520 ms (female) prior to initiation of hydroxychloroquine, pre-existing retinopathy, known g6pd deficiency, known porphyria, or significant drug- drug interactions pregnant or breastfeeding severe liver disease (child-pugh class c)

- unable to provide informed consent - unable to take oral medication - severe/critical covid-19 disease at presentation 1. intensive care or intermediate care required at admission or within 48 hours 2. requiring oxygen supplementation via high flow nasal cannula, bipap, or non-rebreather mask at admission or within 48 hours - likelihood of survival <48 hours in the opinion of the primary physician or transitioned to comfort measures within 48 hours of admission - inability to take hydroxychloroquine due to allergy, qtc > 500 ms (male) or 520 ms (female) prior to initiation of hydroxychloroquine, pre-existing retinopathy, known g6pd deficiency, known porphyria, or significant drug- drug interactions - pregnant or breastfeeding - severe liver disease (child-pugh class c)

- unable to provide informed consent - unable to take oral medication - severe/critical covid-19 disease at presentation 1. intensive care or intermediate care required at admission or within 48 hours 2. requiring oxygen supplementation via high flow nasal cannula, bipap, or non-rebreather mask at admission or within 48 hours - likelihood of survival <48 hours in the opinion of the primary physician or transitioned to comfort measures within 48 hours of admission - inability to take hydroxychloroquine due to allergy, qtc > 500 ms (male) or 520 ms (female) prior to initiation of hydroxychloroquine, pre-existing retinopathy, known g6pd deficiency, known porphyria, or significant drug- drug interactions - pregnant or breastfeeding - severe liver disease (child-pugh class c)